Operation Deep Freeze 26 is the 2026 iteration of the annual U.S. military-led support mission that provides logistics and transportation for the U.S. Antarctic Program (managed by the National Science Foundation). Its objectives include resupplying Antarctic stations (fuel, cargo, port access), strategic and tactical airlift, aeromedical evacuation, search-and-rescue, and enabling scientific research during the austral summer.
Polar Star (USCGC Polar Star, WAGB‑10) is the U.S. Coast Guard’s only active heavy polar icebreaker. Built in 1976, it’s a heavy‑icebreaker class vessel designed to break through thick sea ice to create channels for resupply; its primary missions are polar logistics (Operation Deep Freeze), search-and-rescue, environmental protection, and national defense support.
Icebreaking operations typically involve cutting or crushing sea ice with the ship’s strengthened hull and power (repeated ramming or continuous icebreaking) to open a navigable channel, escort trapped vessels, or clear areas for port and cargo operations. Icebreakers are needed to maintain access for resupply, emergency response, scientific work, and safe transit in polar regions where sea ice can block ships.
The Southern Ocean encircles Antarctica (generally south of 60°S) and includes seas such as the Ross Sea. Cold temperatures, seasonal and pack sea ice, icebergs, and thick multi-year ice make icebreaking necessary to reach Antarctic research stations and to keep shipping lanes open during the austral summer.
The cruise ship was the Australian‑owned Scenic Eclipse II. When a vessel is beset in pack ice, passengers and crew face risks including hull damage, loss of propulsion or steering, hypothermia or exposure in evacuation, difficulty in receiving supplies or medical care, and challenges to safe evacuation; ice can also damage onboard systems and delay rescue operations.